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1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good. * K h0 c: |9 p. ]4 o8 x9 Z" {; p6 P
3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。）
; I4 D( J. X: e# ^0 D4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many.
5 X! `( x: v+ j" l5 v- l/ H1 V5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some.
. e' E$ [) p' l6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。 - B3 G, s$ i2 y
7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing. $ I" _( P8 W! u5 v- V. k
8. shared 替换 common .
, M p; b7 u6 v* k# g& ~, u2 t Z( K9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits. 5 Y& K e2 J" L9 `
10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion. 1 i+ d6 D! ^: M. [
11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.） , ?& p& O9 X9 h1 A( ~* E3 j
12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly.
6 [* C; S9 Q6 v$ t& w. W5 s13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful.
$ C' C* P# H5 z% L$ Z5 Y2 A. u8 i14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer. & r7 G! w! w+ W2 H+ [; o3 L: p# [7 k
15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very. U: f) {$ z0 U4 f/ V8 \6 I5 T
16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable. ) P* H9 R4 t+ {8 M
17. indispensable 替换 necessary. 0 O& _- g* G. H5 ~
18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in. 9 }) h/ y5 G- l+ S+ j
19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention. 5 a0 B6 L2 d" S+ Z
20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet.
3 K1 \' v C- X1 a" B0 m21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear.
3 a: A- T# x( A2 r; g: E22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause.
, L. w- _3 m; e9 q6 q% k23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth. * r" J) Q/ W! P, ^8 D. y
24. desire 替换 want. . T2 Z' N- O! d7 q& ?+ y* j
25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to. 2 x( V% W2 n0 X. }8 I4 N% c. M, }& O2 r
26. bear in mind that 替换 remember. ( U+ L* U% C. J% r# Z" {6 {) v2 M
27. enjoy, possess 替换 have（注意process是过程的意思）。
" N( T# ?" P0 w, N( j/ O28. interaction 替换 communication. ( j& V" M J$ }) o
29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth . / d& o1 e2 L% I O* p
30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance.
( z, P$ r" l6 N6 W: r4 J$ Y31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible. * m; p+ d; M9 z A/ i6 \, J
32. regarding / concerning 替换 about.
+ u" g( {) W" n. @8 h4 t5 [33. crucial /paramount 替换 important.
1 N/ M2 o- I4 [) C34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；第二（there is one more point, I should touch on, that…）；第三（the last but not the least）.
5 v4 s' i( {# C J* O. X6 {4 b35. assiduous 替换 hard-working.
4 z5 W* q1 |% F& H( |' @* B36. arduous 替换 difficult. " O: f4 V& j; P( A K$ b. |8 J0 z
37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）.
: U1 A2 m1 a5 { b" L38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show. & m0 H2 f1 Z h; o$ @, q
39. invariably 替换 always.
/ ~4 T" |4 |. U+ T40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous.
0 {. U8 a$ ~& @41. formidable 替换 difficult. ' P6 t9 }2 J9 g, A
42. quintessential 替换 typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）.
7 _% @; \. L3 y: J43. distinguished 替换 famous. ( J* R3 Z0 k) l& B8 ^
44. feasible 替换 possible. ; E: Z) b/ _3 E8 A5 l1 R; w$ G
45. consequently, accordingly替换 so.
! \9 O+ K/ M% w8 G5 w1 z9 h! w46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that……
3 S8 `, ~, p+ I% `! W. M* J" _47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇 Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词汇，比如examine，work。) ( @& B: K4 d& Z
Two hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。) * k/ a6 Q- p% W
Studies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。) 5 q R' C' Z, V' V2 i% M, u
Burley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。) 2 T1 _" n. l/ ?0 b/ w5 ^5 ^
According to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…) & J% L# a1 s1 _+ u" j4 B
Previous studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调) # l' [* m) ?$ R% _8 J7 F
48.常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD…… , Q" q4 ]( O4 _2 j
来源：丁香园 ) ^% e. W( i- ?( {& h
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发表于 2015-4-30 10:43:59
