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1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good. . R$ O- _3 l9 z9 c; v
3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。）
. m! ], s4 a) r- S3 P3 _" y c4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many. 3 Y/ ~5 v' V; D! e( D( J/ c
5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some. . ?% z1 L2 h5 [1 N2 M( k7 i! I
6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。 4 u& e/ z. W1 b6 n; K
7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing.
% k. l( A" x9 T+ F/ D8 _8. shared 替换 common . 6 B( Z' O/ ]) x- T3 @
9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits. / V2 e: w2 R/ A3 M
10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion. $ C# E& ^" e7 e8 y: l w8 }5 k d! X
11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.）
1 I$ i0 K$ ]4 B, z12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly. 8 G, m9 w5 x- f8 e! n7 q1 t
13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful. 0 H7 z' ]) v; b7 U+ F$ [( Q
14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer. ' b0 _8 U6 h9 w' V E, ?0 @+ o
15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very.
! n1 Y3 [' X" V! P16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable.
# }4 G" [1 f) D0 Q: A17. indispensable 替换 necessary.
* J1 ?. D7 y: ?. w, Y- m) D# C18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in. / ~* ?1 a) G2 V4 i
19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention. + ], g3 x. S2 V4 ~; R1 e
20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet.
$ }: ^. a: u) O" F21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear.
- w/ X) R f: V" w7 c) m22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause. : l* c' z! w! B& `" Y" I% H
23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth. * ^* r% D2 s. w" [& i9 r; H
24. desire 替换 want. ( i$ Y/ s+ i* l) y0 ?/ R
25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to.
2 n& X2 s# ?2 ^! V5 q26. bear in mind that 替换 remember. ; [6 N) K" x' Y! \7 N
27. enjoy, possess 替换 have（注意process是过程的意思）。 0 R$ J( d- J9 I! J& {
28. interaction 替换 communication.
, \% k2 L; v$ K; ^! T29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth . + s2 V& D4 o! D% P/ l, \
30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance. & T% O( D6 [1 U% a6 o2 `- F9 X
31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible.
^$ J5 P! p O; z2 M" w8 b+ B: I) @32. regarding / concerning 替换 about. / E( N# U. S1 b& U1 o
33. crucial /paramount 替换 important.
9 @, s( j6 q& a, K5 f34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；第二（there is one more point, I should touch on, that…）；第三（the last but not the least）. & k; B7 G& L, }, R. V
35. assiduous 替换 hard-working.
' V' V9 P7 u3 u- ^36. arduous 替换 difficult. 7 E8 E. f- q9 d/ H5 E+ {: q
37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）.
( d& _% Q/ r1 C) L7 \38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show. 0 `* ]# d; R# A' ~2 s% }
39. invariably 替换 always. 6 i6 E6 E: r, G- ~1 k4 p/ J
40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous. - H |+ a; }# [, y& ?+ V
41. formidable 替换 difficult.
' R" y5 I6 V" _# a# [42. quintessential 替换 typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）. * {4 j5 i7 A' Q; ^+ d9 J
43. distinguished 替换 famous.
; p7 ]* z& I% [/ u: H44. feasible 替换 possible. / J. W: Y2 g9 V/ h- ^
45. consequently, accordingly替换 so.
" K2 L0 E) `1 ]+ Y) e! A$ z0 k7 |46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that……
2 ` o9 k6 g1 n( g# F) H47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇 Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词汇，比如examine，work。)
" v1 P5 K' c6 pTwo hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。)
+ ] `6 @ n& b7 f; m& AStudies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。) / c+ @# D$ C+ i; U: F; q
Burley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。) % r$ W2 S e/ x; i/ @& M$ M
According to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…) " p/ k h+ T" i" W5 D
Previous studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调)
( o$ }6 j. ?! N$ F: v48.常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD…… - z* C/ t ]' P
来源：丁香园
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发表于 2015-4-30 10:43:59
