Journal of Applied Virology 杂志2025年第三期（Vol 14, No 3）Table of Contents

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Advancements in HIV Diagnosis Using Urine: A Review of Virological Characteristics, Detection Technologies, and Clinical Applications
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55-81

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7 G9 J- k3 j2 xRetrospective Quality Assessment of Lyophilized Rabies Vaccine by Vero Cell for Human Use
6 `( S* l6 @9 {6 J9 qChunhui He, Haolin Fang, Yebo Li, Ting Zhou, Mingjian Chen, Lefeng Zhang, Qi Zhao, Huiyu Yu, Zihang Xu, Jieping Liu

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83-91

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  z  q  G9 x4 B3 L7 YWorld Rabies Day: Strategies and Measures for Rabies Prevention and Control in China
Shuang Yu, ShaiXing Pang, HuanYu Wang
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93-106

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Advancements in HIV Diagnosis Using Urine: A Review of Virological Characteristics, Detection Technologies, and Clinical Applications
Huacheng Wang, Yanni Ma, Ran Zhao, Renren Lu, Jian Lu
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Abstract

2 U# S% }- w1 n1 I) l: R+ p8 K, u; @, QEarly diagnosis and monitoring of HIV infection are crucial for disease management and control. Urine, as a non-invasive and easily collected sample type, offers unique benefits in the field of HIV diagnosis. In recent years, research on using urine to screen for HIV has gradually increased, covering the dynamic characteristics of the virus in urine, relevant virological studies, and detection technologies for HIV-related biomarkers in urine. Additionally, the application of urine in screening for co-infections (such as tuberculosis, CMV, HPV) has attracted widespread attention. This article reviews the promising potential of urine testing in monitoring treatment adherence and organ transplantation, analyzing the sensitivity, specificity, and application prospects of urine HIV testing in different populations by integrating the latest molecular diagnostic technologies and clinical research findings. It also discusses the current challenges and future directions, providing new ideas and methods for the early diagnosis of HIV and promoting the progress of related medical research.
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Keywords

6 ]6 u- {0 b0 l+ g5 Q6 MHIV diagnosis; Urine testing; Virological characteristics; Molecular diagnostics; Antiretroviral therapy; Co-infection; Treatment adherence monitoring
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( z- K4 r8 n9 _- Q% M. i4 ], IDOI: https://doi.org/10.21092/jav.v14i3.120

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Retrospective Quality Assessment of Lyophilized Rabies Vaccine by Vero Cell for Human Use
' c6 p, Z9 S& E/ b7 O8 KChunhui He, Haolin Fang, Yebo Li, Ting Zhou, Mingjian Chen, Lefeng Zhang, Qi Zhao, Huiyu Yu, Zihang Xu, Jieping Liu
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; C) y8 M6 }9 d' b7 |+ y5 b- {Objective: A retrospective analysis of critical quality attributes was conducted to evaluate product quality and manufacturing process control capability of lyophilized rabies vaccine (Vero cell) for human use during 2014-2018. Methods: Statistical analysis was performed on three critical quality evaluation parameters: potency assay, residual bovine serum albumin content, and moisture content. Quality trends and batch-to-batch consistency were assessed by integrating these results with the company's annual process performance index. Results & Conclusion: All critical parameter test results, including potency, residual bovine serum albumin, and moisture content, conformed to standard specifications. Most results remained within annual mean ±3SD, indicating favorable inter-lot consistency. All process performance index values were ≥1.33, demonstrating adequate process control capability.
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Keywords

Rabies, Rabies Vaccine, Quality Analysis
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21092/jav.v14i3.121
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World Rabies Day: Strategies and Measures for Rabies Prevention and Control in China
' }. h" ]. K) d, p% V  d( O, eShuang Yu, ShaiXing Pang, HuanYu Wang
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Abstract
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On the occasion of World Rabies Day, this review summarizes the current status of rabies prevention and control in China. It outlines key national strategies, including the establishment of a nationwide surveillance network, standardization of post-exposure prophylaxis clinics, strengthened vaccine regulation, improved dog management, and expanded public health education. Since 2007, China has made substantial progress by developing a government-led, multisectoral, and society-wide “One Health” control system, reducing annual human rabies cases from the peak of 3,300 to 167 in 2024. Nonetheless, challenges remain, such as uneven vaccination coverage among rural dog populations, regional disparities in PEP accessibility, and gaps in the closed-loop management of high-risk exposures. With the 2025 World Rabies Day theme “All of Us Can Make Rabies History”,coordinated efforts toward more targeted and technology-supported prevention are recommended to ensure progress toward the global goal of  “Zero by 30” .

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Rabies, World Rabies Day, Action in China
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9 V5 u9 E4 C5 u: QDOI: https://doi.org/10.21092/jav.v14i3.122
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