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1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good.
& v0 Q$ ?3 a/ _8 k6 U, d* s5 w' p. p3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。）
0 H" h7 n B: C. f7 Q4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many. 3 r( Q; N% a, Y. K8 p; J1 ]# k
5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some.
S+ q2 s5 x" G+ p! p6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。 6 C, T( x/ i) I/ D ^
7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing.
9 }) N) C) J. E/ x1 S8. shared 替换 common . 5 d: I' B1 H& J- S! X
9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits.
]. X) u7 L+ a" N/ G10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion. : }2 C5 a4 L& Y/ Q! n0 ^: d7 p
11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.）
9 y. `) q( \; _, Q3 x. O {) S5 I3 k12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly. ; [- O# e( I; T. f( t5 [
13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful.
4 K! a5 H3 D8 R8 u: V14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer.
( B. ^! P0 C7 o* E! X- w15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very.
( j- N9 m/ E( `5 J: ^' V16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable.
# a- V! E( u/ {5 j3 U17. indispensable 替换 necessary.
( [5 z$ Q) j" n) b6 {; J18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in. |% B1 }3 ?. y& O& b
19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention. ! a: D0 ~3 p3 n9 j
20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet. . m" t0 G" l& b- f# W) U2 q2 H
21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear.
8 V" X9 g; \2 X7 E22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause. 1 u" F4 A" y% y/ u0 d% X
23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth. ! k, T- g& c6 y6 l j. P
24. desire 替换 want.
0 i+ F& p3 \! P7 u25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to.
) `+ e) C2 i7 M26. bear in mind that 替换 remember. . E0 I, J) G$ V: w$ a+ [
27. enjoy, possess 替换 have（注意process是过程的意思）。
8 n; l, g0 r0 I: U# l28. interaction 替换 communication.
V; S: F/ h% f$ L0 H+ A/ A2 J29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth .
$ d' A# [" l& }, ]+ @5 n8 P; D# Y, l30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance.
% S' k( z/ c- s8 `# C0 b31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible.
; `; }1 ?8 J3 t. v4 R32. regarding / concerning 替换 about.
5 z" E J' v# l1 t33. crucial /paramount 替换 important. 0 e: s- `% U1 c' O
34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；第二（there is one more point, I should touch on, that…）；第三（the last but not the least）.
& ~, g/ k' `" y9 T6 z& y35. assiduous 替换 hard-working. ; T+ ]% U7 Z; Q3 P. D& |8 B& p
36. arduous 替换 difficult. 8 C& k' i+ z) M3 F4 W) |1 S2 e
37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）.
) ^8 ^4 i3 R. O$ L0 b! n38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show.
/ {( @. E2 i! D4 }- O4 ?5 H o' p39. invariably 替换 always.
) Y- ~8 l9 X& Z) V40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous. / ?2 l2 u6 S9 n/ _# I! V7 x* r9 o
41. formidable 替换 difficult.
* y X( ]: y5 v1 Q: M42. quintessential 替换 typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）. / s7 A4 S9 B4 c- w& i2 r" q: r3 T. D+ A* n! }
43. distinguished 替换 famous.
! c" {" u0 M6 Q/ R7 {44. feasible 替换 possible.
2 m; \/ ]8 |, I3 s% B8 G% o1 P: J; N45. consequently, accordingly替换 so.
# E4 E; e9 @+ u; n5 h# A0 R46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that……
, C5 W6 C9 t) K1 v- U" X47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇 Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词汇，比如examine，work。)
- [* c, M! u0 GTwo hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。) ( K% m9 f6 Q% ^2 n, c
Studies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。) " A6 V b: {$ K6 F$ X2 s
Burley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。)
' {+ V. c0 P, a4 dAccording to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…)
' U) A5 N; r4 ~6 w1 A! q: dPrevious studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调) ! L4 t; ?2 @) _: {' @7 t7 s
48.常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD……
8 [$ F1 D+ V& N! x. }+ W6 ?2 [+ E来源：丁香园 : K5 h+ |& p3 f1 H" s
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发表于 2015-4-30 10:43:59
