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1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good. ' T6 n1 D1 e+ C7 u
3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。）
: F+ F: ]: `1 k7 F4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many.
/ ]. V. }9 T. P$ @3 N5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some. : m6 \0 Q7 b, c
6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。
0 ], [! A% J0 G1 _6 F* w+ y7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing. & d. P" V6 v( |! L/ t
8. shared 替换 common . 2 `2 p% b( B$ `( t' Z5 |+ f
9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits.
1 G- B0 x a; v4 U- R5 `10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion.
8 e* q6 P" `. s* t/ [11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.） " H) N! I/ K" `( \$ R: ~# m) x
12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly. 0 i }3 x% p# W5 R0 q5 l0 T8 X# H
13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful. " s( m$ y9 U# l7 D* i" w# I* e
14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer.
6 R; p; c: b* l15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very.
/ k9 ?, V, j1 s* S# H! H* B16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable. 0 R, L: h1 J' N- c5 Y$ @
17. indispensable 替换 necessary. ; V6 B* r- m$ h7 i2 \, P
18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in.
0 o7 M. {' w4 l8 x( z1 S: ]19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention.
; g/ {) g7 H# u20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet. # `5 A- ^) [. F3 u
21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear.
& j! Z* C. W& f$ P. y% @22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause.
3 P: W8 X) H+ x, Y6 X4 y: |23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth.
4 H) e' Y6 j- ~0 l7 t$ F24. desire 替换 want.
# ^; k3 i7 m7 Y/ O' u* `" Z# \, N$ s25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to. / ]2 M& v3 V' J6 l- ?
26. bear in mind that 替换 remember. # D# z6 ^9 }, c# m
27. enjoy, possess 替换 have（注意process是过程的意思）。 5 k8 D9 g+ R6 o) s+ O: M7 K
28. interaction 替换 communication. ) j4 f0 w% v# _5 Q& D8 J2 ?, p
29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth .
5 c( N9 ^: V9 X30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance. ) s6 z8 C4 g$ h% Q& p A
31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible. , \. u6 z# _) ~$ |# F, I" l
32. regarding / concerning 替换 about. 2 y4 j( W _2 W
33. crucial /paramount 替换 important.
& e9 K: _- }* d* x3 e34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；第二（there is one more point, I should touch on, that…）；第三（the last but not the least）.
/ o- u( A1 Y7 v& f2 K8 h35. assiduous 替换 hard-working.
5 T, F8 f/ H$ A6 z5 \. u8 B36. arduous 替换 difficult. " V! O$ G) k& \7 a' F4 w4 M
37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）. 9 F \& X( ^- B! V
38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show. . i2 ^8 m, N+ y. b; S
39. invariably 替换 always. & |$ l: |: d- }7 h* p: x
40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous.
( Y) P9 c' S; u9 T, G41. formidable 替换 difficult.
& Y- v1 d% W1 z42. quintessential 替换 typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）.
+ r( O2 x$ w; J. o# @43. distinguished 替换 famous. ' Q9 L0 ] O) V7 k m
44. feasible 替换 possible. 5 W) ^$ h- R" V" t. ]- W+ O$ J
45. consequently, accordingly替换 so. * I2 V# |$ G( E4 v& d: f
46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that……
( \+ J$ S7 J. G! b0 h) O47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇 Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词汇，比如examine，work。) * s9 W! a, l. w L
Two hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。)
" v! D" D8 p: | i4 L0 ]: I/ aStudies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。) " e+ l+ c' m; d; Z. x4 w3 H8 p
Burley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。)
! l7 ^' g4 u( b% j; @4 i8 RAccording to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…) 1 `6 k6 E8 t/ ]( ~: f. U9 R
Previous studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调)
$ G4 m. |& q8 y1 G0 C( p48.常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD……
' T; e4 ~ k7 _$ K1 V7 |来源：丁香园 $ B. D% x& H6 e |! Z
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发表于 2015-4-30 10:43:59
