1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good. * ?* e( B4 y, W- x m
3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad(如果bad做表语,可以有be less impressive替换。) ) s- Z8 K2 |* m* c4 Q' M
4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many.
7 q( z7 n8 z) Z# Y5 c+ M5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some.
! a7 ^5 ~; _2 t, ^8 z3 I6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。 " R; d2 V, T& y% B" O- } ~# }
7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing.
+ K3 }9 i; B5 L9 t2 ~2 u8. shared 替换 common . 3 a- p: R9 }" t
9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits.
: k2 J3 q9 z! i4 v- c1 f. {) }- G10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion.
: ?" q; y1 E* {2 G7 l9 g11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more(注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词,副词用increasingly.) 7 D& N' d# w9 n! u$ Z6 j
12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly. 4 {2 i' a) ~: b3 Z+ y
13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful.
% A9 j2 Z, ~* I' @- N" R; n14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer. 2 Y4 z$ @+ `0 z9 u1 o6 j* j
15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very. 7 S v% C6 M" m- {( D4 y0 O4 Q
16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable. 4 j/ u5 H7 l5 E, \+ i3 }, F Y
17. indispensable 替换 necessary. # O6 ]: D" b9 b7 T3 x0 `
18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in. 0 h; z! q9 _. h0 O
19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention.
8 B8 L5 G& m; Y, d, [20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet. 8 C: u3 Z I) Q+ L3 r2 m
21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear. 4 V: z+ S. w9 E; Z r
22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause.
9 \1 m4 m% t9 H0 b23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth. ! T5 N3 {: ]. f; W
24. desire 替换 want.
1 m5 U& f$ K" j5 e$ u0 U1 d8 b25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to. ) W7 W `# ^7 ^; o( S
26. bear in mind that 替换 remember. 8 {1 q* r2 V# z
27. enjoy, possess 替换 have(注意process是过程的意思)。
1 [# u" k$ Z; X4 f2 x$ |6 ]. `# p+ ~28. interaction 替换 communication. & g. y/ s5 [2 I9 `1 T7 t
29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth .
& p# T) X2 o8 t* M; N30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance. ' O( a# m0 W0 z2 A& ~
31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible.
1 R% a$ j ]8 J" }6 y \4 _32. regarding / concerning 替换 about.
" w; I1 r0 x! G: m# Z4 s33. crucial /paramount 替换 important.
' M) ?- n& |0 |2 x+ `* `: \34. 第一(in the first place/the first and foremost);第二(there is one more point, I should touch on, that…);第三(the last but not the least).
$ s' Z# [/ a0 Q. r3 M35. assiduous 替换 hard-working. ( F# j4 y# O( i- ?0 ]& x5 B
36. arduous 替换 difficult. $ J h5 b7 z! t% R% y2 \
37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor(因为poor通常含有贬义). 6 J! Z" W6 ^$ |# G3 b
38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show.
6 b9 }( R1 ], p1 p7 E% B39. invariably 替换 always.
s! c9 R) D3 l, B' N0 x5 X8 M. I40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous. 3 P( x! V7 Q1 \; g& R9 L
41. formidable 替换 difficult.
7 i3 f2 P$ E6 ]5 T& n) I$ ?42. quintessential 替换 typical(举例时常用,例如:a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance). $ f9 {8 [3 x* l, }. {
43. distinguished 替换 famous. # Q, |4 A) e* f* B, I4 h# @' d% u+ Q; l
44. feasible 替换 possible. 7 w- E x, q& U; z' R( ]8 @0 I# J
45. consequently, accordingly替换 so.
& `: b, o8 y2 X2 \. G* m9 S46. 通常,由数据推断出一定的结论,用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that…… ) q" E; i( n1 n7 _; x- y
47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇 Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study,可以用些其它的词汇,比如examine,work。)
$ F1 N5 k3 Y- A2 X8 ?) HTwo hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时,如果不能完全同意,使用state 比show更加中立些。) : e' p# ~* _: O6 x6 T3 e
Studies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。) ) k$ f5 `. `4 p3 H7 J( }2 X
Burley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。)
3 F; G7 G( ~2 I5 P8 H" Q) }6 f CAccording to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…) ( l8 z3 \7 R% T
Previous studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调)
4 v. D- R+ _+ M) u) Y7 C: H48.常见的连接词有,However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚,意思明确。比如,叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献,最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来,可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有,可用More recent studies by DD……
+ @! _' x, O6 z) M2 [* a0 f来源:丁香园 6 m% n8 v7 F' E- C
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