1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good.
- R5 y( q" W" q7 y+ D/ N3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad(如果bad做表语,可以有be less impressive替换。)
4 u- i- J" I! X% A1 w2 K4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many. ! z( T7 E2 H' p8 W
5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some.
2 P5 i/ S4 Y( E& A6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。 % {7 ?6 j4 q* \( o; O- v5 {5 W6 P
7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing. 9 ~& b! m0 c/ N. c
8. shared 替换 common . 1 H8 y( a& F3 s6 {
9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits. ' D7 o; v% d, D! ^6 c2 R
10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion. ! C a4 ^) ^; u2 f) X; {
11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more(注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词,副词用increasingly.)
6 T) I: m- G& ~+ D: }3 N12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly. ( D M, t0 N% ]5 \+ B" d0 J
13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful. 1 l$ H' X# X _% x0 Z
14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer.
: b8 p9 S3 ?# }$ ?15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very.
S) A! e; ` {9 h( p: s16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable.
8 I7 A4 s) d5 e* M17. indispensable 替换 necessary. 2 {; {' F( g5 j& r( o9 ]; s
18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in.
+ {- v: ~# }9 }% Y7 s# b: y- a19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention. ' y2 u# V x2 Y0 Y- K3 F
20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet. - S( F5 D8 e8 V, A
21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear.
! c" H+ ^ M8 B m# u4 N/ e22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause.
6 r t, }" {8 Q% ?% `8 Q- _23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth.
, t: k, L8 |/ [" a) u24. desire 替换 want. & s: q- F- \2 }
25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to.
8 H; p# ~9 C, N& B26. bear in mind that 替换 remember. - F( \2 x$ D- q4 f9 P
27. enjoy, possess 替换 have(注意process是过程的意思)。
" k$ m# s) T/ d28. interaction 替换 communication. 5 I" b9 d: v! z5 N
29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth .
* B! g8 z8 {8 q30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance. ) ]( F9 }3 y. T
31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible. $ @; p9 w; P n
32. regarding / concerning 替换 about.
0 d _& n5 f/ l4 H! f# n33. crucial /paramount 替换 important.
, H3 {$ X, M+ k( Y/ ^4 n- b! |! h34. 第一(in the first place/the first and foremost);第二(there is one more point, I should touch on, that…);第三(the last but not the least). , x4 i2 u1 C* x% ~
35. assiduous 替换 hard-working. ' k8 r% Z3 h5 g/ o
36. arduous 替换 difficult. / N5 k- ~. e7 b% ~1 {
37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor(因为poor通常含有贬义).
+ t! `6 o* }& s m- u1 k38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show.
7 @: l$ Z o: u) f; g) A39. invariably 替换 always.
; h- G: v( u2 {) X40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous.
/ I/ ?, l: Q8 W$ ?+ {7 H41. formidable 替换 difficult.
" z+ O# i# w& H. w& [% i7 R' [; p% Y42. quintessential 替换 typical(举例时常用,例如:a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance).
- M8 l. ~9 q9 H# D' S; s) V43. distinguished 替换 famous. ; P- w0 V0 W8 ^) |* }$ K
44. feasible 替换 possible.
7 ?- d: f! x! J! M1 z; g8 i; X45. consequently, accordingly替换 so.
2 e7 `& s! m' R$ d; _( I* O0 u46. 通常,由数据推断出一定的结论,用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that……
) b1 \3 S& Y# a2 E4 f47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇 Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study,可以用些其它的词汇,比如examine,work。) 1 n0 N" |3 U9 R1 {
Two hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时,如果不能完全同意,使用state 比show更加中立些。) ( R+ t: i% H# E: Q p4 N: b
Studies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。) 1 I/ A- r8 q" q" ?
Burley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。) ( {$ G& t2 F; L4 W M
According to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…)
* {6 j9 V, V. kPrevious studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调)
1 R1 [4 \/ i8 G' }( `5 E48.常见的连接词有,However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚,意思明确。比如,叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献,最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来,可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有,可用More recent studies by DD…… 8 k$ p& }5 C9 f/ `
来源:丁香园 3 |; I% e, p& {1 A' O J
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