1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons.
2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good.
2 O9 a3 L, A: z3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad(如果bad做表语,可以有be less impressive替换。)
, b6 }) U* c2 }$ t$ g* y) G4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many.
5 f# U2 b/ ^, ]* a; n) ~4 f9 u5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some.
1 m5 `( K; b( F6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。
7 k& I) C% U' w- t6 V7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing.
5 g& w0 i6 Y" R; y! B8 C4 ~! ~8. shared 替换 common .
% T0 D2 L: `: x; N9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits.
7 c" b! z0 x5 C7 m$ j" K. R10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion.
11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more(注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词,副词用increasingly.)
& Y- W5 j0 E- }12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly.
2 P8 t* \/ U9 W" \* y0 d0 n6 G' |13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful.
+ T9 O0 c6 L( F( M6 Z14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer.
15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very.
16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable.
17. indispensable 替换 necessary.
# [& U5 d6 K6 Y8 U+ L! P1 C18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in.
/ P8 ?4 f% y, W; v; d3 d! g- Y$ @19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention.
' \7 T* ] v7 K- L _20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet.
5 ?' e3 V# g# ]& ~21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear.
8 G. x* n/ u0 @5 N* j7 j22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause.
23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth.
' T6 F. x- ~; v; q- K24. desire 替换 want.
" Z: a3 }* r- J# p! G25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to.
26. bear in mind that 替换 remember.
27. enjoy, possess 替换 have(注意process是过程的意思)。
28. interaction 替换 communication.
, X4 @0 H. c" W! [2 O29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth .
8 U9 O4 }$ j9 f& T9 J: u7 W30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance.
9 ?6 W8 u5 |& U31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible.
32. regarding / concerning 替换 about.
G' |* ~# c7 ~ s& _7 X33. crucial /paramount 替换 important.
34. 第一(in the first place/the first and foremost);第二(there is one more point, I should touch on, that…);第三(the last but not the least).
35. assiduous 替换 hard-working.
36. arduous 替换 difficult.
0 ?9 E. P) J, F. A$ m) A, b/ P37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor(因为poor通常含有贬义).
38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show.
: |/ O" n& d: @ u0 ?% e1 n39. invariably 替换 always.
" R* M( d* p6 k! t7 C' ?( e40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous.
: M2 g/ A9 @' C5 y' p6 j4 i41. formidable 替换 difficult.
( c1 Y- K6 y9 e* C" K2 f' Q1 Z42. quintessential 替换 typical(举例时常用,例如:a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance).
43. distinguished 替换 famous.
44. feasible 替换 possible.
( R! E5 _; n) i7 i2 ?45. consequently, accordingly替换 so.
46. 通常,由数据推断出一定的结论,用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that……
47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇
Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study,可以用些其它的词汇,比如examine,work。)
6 u( L6 L9 [2 _0 T9 c; }Two hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时,如果不能完全同意,使用state 比show更加中立些。)
% i& _' _6 {0 U$ g2 O8 G; b6 W3 DStudies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。)
3 E( Y+ U3 L5 T3 N: KBurley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。)
According to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…)
Previous studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调)
( m' N( v1 C- @$ g48.常见的连接词有,However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚,意思明确。比如,叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献,最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来,可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有,可用More recent studies by DD……
2 ?& B% w$ F6 w& u5 x% P+ @4 |" l来源:丁香园
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