使用沃巴赫菌菌株成功抑制寨卡病毒在蚊虫细胞中的增殖
虫媒病毒是由节肢动物传播的人兽共患病病毒。在虫媒病毒导致的人类疾病中，90%是由蚊子传播的。蚊虫传播的虫媒病毒是导致人类疾病的主要原因。寨卡病毒是继登革热病毒，西尼罗河病毒，基孔肯亚病毒之后，第四种由蚊虫传播的病毒。其能够在西半球的大部分地方快速传播，在很大程度上是由于其能够在中间宿主蚊虫中增殖和传播。降低蚊虫的病毒传播能力是减少虫媒病毒的一种有效方法。4月26日，美国波士顿大学的科学家在Journal of Virology在线发表题为“Variable Inhibition of Zika virus replication by different WolbachiaStrains in Mosquito Cell Cultures ”的研究论文。
该研究发现了能够抑制寨卡病毒在蚊虫细胞中增殖的两株沃巴赫菌菌株wAIbB和wStri。其中wStri菌株的抑制效果最佳。
科学家们通过使用单个周期感染试验证实使用wStri菌株能够将寨卡病毒RNA的复制及非结构蛋白5的表达水平降低到低于检测极限的水平。
而在使用抑菌性抗菌素抑制沃巴赫菌时，则能恢复寨卡病毒的复制。
同时，科学家发现在沃巴赫菌感染的细胞中补加胆固醇脂，能够观察到部分的寨卡病毒增殖，说明营养性竞争是沃巴赫菌抑制寨卡病毒增殖的潜在机制之一。该研究让我们进一步理解了沃尔巴赫菌对寨卡病毒增殖的抑制作用，为中断病毒的扩散及传播，提供了一种新的方法。
附文献信息：
Title：Variable inhibition of Zika virus replication by different Wolbachia strains in mosquito cell cultures
Abstract：Mosquito-borne arboviruses are a major source of human disease. One strategy to reduce arbovirus disease is to reduce the mosquito's ability to transmit virus. Mosquito infection with bacterial endosymbiont, Wolbachia pipientis wMel, is a novel strategy to reduce Aedes mosquito competency for flavivirus infection. However, experiments investigating cyclic environmental temperatures have shown a reduction in maternal transmission of wMel potentially weakening the integration of this strain into a mosquito population relative to other Wolbachia strains. Consequently, it is important to investigate additional Wolbachia strains. All Zika virus (ZIKV) suppression studies are limited to the wMel Wolbachia strain. Here we show ZIKV inhibition by two different Wolbachia strains: wAlbB (isolated from Aedes albopictus mosquitoes) and wStri (isolated from the planthopper Laodelphax striatellus) in mosquito cells. The Wolbachia strain wStri inhibited ZIKV most effectively. Single-cycle infection experiments showed that ZIKV RNA replication and nonstructural protein 5 translation were reduced below the limits of detection in wStri-containing cells, demonstrating early inhibition of virus replication. ZIKV replication was rescued when Wolbachia was inhibited with a bacteriostatic antibiotic. We observed a partial rescue of ZIKV growth when Wolbachia infected cells were supplemented with cholesterol-lipid concentrate, suggesting competition for nutrients as one of the possible mechanisms of Wolbachia inhibition of ZIKV. Our data show that wAlbB and wStri infection causes inhibition of ZIKV making them attractive candidates for further in vitro mechanistic and in vivo studies and future vector-centered approaches to limit ZIKV infection and spread.
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00339-17
http://jvi.asm.org/content/early/2017/04/21/JVI.00339-17.short 文献全文：
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