前纽约市长布隆伯格新晋成为世卫组织大使
2016年8月17日，世卫组织总干事陈冯富珍博士任命著名慈善家、纽约市前三届任期市长迈克尔·布隆伯格为全球非传染性疾病大使。
每年，非传染性疾病（包括心脏病、中风、癌症、糖尿病、慢性呼吸系统疾病）和伤害导致4300万例死亡，几乎占全球死亡总数的80%；其中，有1600万人尚未满70岁便因非传染性疾病而死亡；还有125万例死亡系由道路交通碰撞所致。道路交通碰撞是15岁至29岁年轻群体间的头号死亡元凶。因非传染性疾病和伤害导致的过早死亡和残疾，在很大程度上可以通过实施经过检验的高性价比措施预防。
过去十年间，布隆伯格一直在烟草控制和伤害预防方面与世卫组织合作。
陈冯富珍博士
世界卫生组织总干事
“迈克尔·布隆伯格是一位深受重视的合作伙伴，长期以来一直在烟草控制、健康数据改善、道路安全和淹溺预防领域为世卫组织提供支持。因此，我十分高兴能够任命他为全球非传染性疾病大使，加强我们共同应对非传染性疾病和伤害重大公共健康挑战的能力。”
布隆伯格先生担任世卫组织全球非传染性疾病大使期间，将在全球范围内与国家和地方层面的政治领袖合作，强调非传染性疾病和伤害的负担。他担任市长期间在公共健康方面取得的诸多成就将帮助他激励各城市为全球预防非传染性疾病和伤害议程开展工作。布隆伯格先生还将帮助动员国家层面和城市层面的政治领袖、捐赠主体以及私有部门来预防和处理非传染性疾病流行问题并抗击伤害。
通过上述工作，布隆伯格先生和世卫组织将支持实现联合国可持续发展目标。全球领袖们已在可持续发展目标项下将非传染性疾病和伤害确立为紧急重点。可持续发展目标包含非传染性疾病和伤害方面的多项具体目标，具体包括：2020年时将全球范围内道路交通事故导致的死亡和伤害减少50%；2030年时将非传染性疾病导致的过早死亡减少1/3；加强贯彻实施《世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约》。
迈克尔·布隆伯格
世卫组织全球非传染性疾病大使
“很荣幸成为世界卫生组织全球非传染性疾病大使。对于我们可以触及的种种可能，我感到很激动。全球各国和各城市正努力推进减少可预防的过早死亡。通过在全球范围内复制最有效措施，我们可以拯救数百万计的生命。与世界卫生组织一起，我们将在中低收入国家努力实现其政策目标的过程中提供支持，并以能够带来公共健康最佳改善的方式引导资源配置。我们还将在地方层面努力帮助领导者和政策制定者更好地认识实施有效项目可以实现的实际收益。”
布隆伯格先生的角色和活动将拓展世界卫生组织在以下方面的工作触及范围：对烟草使用、不健康膳食、缺乏运动锻炼以及酒精有害使用这些主要的非传染性疾病风险因素减少接触；以及推广经过检验的措施以减少道路交通碰撞、烧伤、跌落和淹溺导致的伤害。这里包括努力加强卫生系统的响应以管理非传染性疾病和伤害，还包括改善健康数据的可用性从而为政策和项目提供信息支持。
预防非传染性疾病的有效策略包括：提升烟草和酒精的征税及价格，加强无烟环境建设，实施烟草健康警告大幅图文，强力禁止烟草广告、推广和赞助，促进健康可负担膳食的可用性，以及不鼓励对高糖、高盐和高脂“三高”食品饮料的消费。在预防最常见伤害形式方面，经过检验的行动包括：强力实施限速、酒驾法规和佩戴安全带及头盔，强力执行烟雾警报及热水龙头温度方面的法律，移除或遮盖危险水体水域并使用栅栏围护水池以防止淹溺，消除跌落相关的危险，以及改善老年人平衡。所有这些策略中，国家政府官员和地方政府官员都可以发挥作用。
Michael R. Bloomberg Becomes WHO Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases
WHO Director-General Dr Margaret Chan has named Mr Michael R. Bloomberg, philanthropist and former three-term Mayor of the City of New York, as Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) on 17th August 2016.
Mr Michael R. Bloomberg, WHO's Global Ambassador for NCDs
NCDs (including heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases) and injuries are responsible for 43 million deaths each year - almost 80% of all deaths worldwide. Each year, 16 million people die from NCDs before the age of 70. Road traffic crashes account for a further 1.25 million deaths each year and are the leading cause of death among young people, aged 15–29 years. The premature death and disability from NCDs and injury can largely be prevented, through implementing proven, cost effective measures.
For the past decade, Bloomberg has been working with WHO on tobacco control and injury prevention. “Michael Bloomberg is a valued partner and has a long track record of supporting WHO in the areas of tobacco control, improving data for health, road safety and drowning prevention,” said Dr Margaret Chan, WHO Director-General. “I am therefore absolutely delighted to be able to appoint him as Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases. This will enable us to strengthen our response together to the major public health challenges of NCDs and injuries.”
In his new role, Mr Bloomberg will work with national and local political leaders around the globe to highlight the burden of NCDs and injuries. His track record on public health achievements as mayor will enable him to motivate cities to take on the global agenda for NCD and injury prevention. He will help mobilize national and city level political leaders, donors and the private sector to prevent and treat the NCD epidemic and combat injuries.
Through this work, Mr Bloomberg and WHO will be supporting the attainment of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). World leaders have recognized NCDs and injuries as urgent priorities for action in the SDGs. The SDGs contain a number of specific targets for NCDs and injuries, including halving the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents by 2020, reducing by one-third premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases by 2030, and strengthening implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
“I am honored to become WHO Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases and excited about the possibilities that are within our reach. Cities and countries around the world are making great progress reducing preventable, premature deaths, and by replicating the most effective measures on a global scale, we can save many millions of lives,” said Michael Bloomberg. “Together with WHO, we’ll support low- and middle-income countries as they work to achieve their policy goals and direct resources in ways that will best improve public health. We’ll also work to raise awareness among leaders and policy makers at the local level about the real gains that can be achieved when effective programs are in place.”
Mr. Bloomberg’s role and activities will extend the reach of WHO’s work to reduce exposure to the main NCD risk factors: tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and the harmful use of alcohol, as well as to promote proven measures to reduce injuries from road traffic crashes, burns, falls and drowning. This includes efforts to strengthen health systems’ response to manage NCDs and injuries, and to improve availability of health data to inform policy and programmes.
Effective strategies to prevent NCDs include increasing the tax and price of tobacco and alcohol, enforcing smoke-free environments, implementing large graphic tobacco health warnings, enforcing bans in tobacco advertisement, promotion and sponsorships, promoting the availability of healthy, affordable diets, and discouraging the consumption of foods and beverages high in sugars, salt and fat. Proven actions to prevent the most common forms of injuries include enforcing speed limits, drink-driving legislation and the wearing of seat-belts and helmets, enforcing laws on smoke alarms and hot water tap temperatures, removing or covering water hazards and fencing pools to prevent drowning, eliminating fall hazards and improving balance among the elderly. These are all strategies where both national and local government officials can play a role.
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